ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING MENTAL HEALTH

ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING MENTAL HEALTH


Background



Poor mental state has large social and economic consequences both for the individual and society. In Sweden, the prevalence of psychological state symptoms has increased since the start of the 1990s. There is a requirement for a far better understanding of the world for planning preventive activities and health care.

 Methods



The study is predicated on a postal survey questionnaire sent to a random sample of men and ladies aged 18–84 years in 2004. The overall response rate was 64%. The area investigated covers 55 municipalities with a few million inhabitants in central a neighborhood of Sweden. The study population includes 42,448 respondents. Mental health was measured with self-reported symptoms of anxiety/depression (EQ-5D, 5th question). The association between socio-economic conditions, lifestyle factors and psychological state symptoms was investigated using multivariate multinomial logistic regression models.

Results



About 40 percent of girls and 30 percent of men reported that they were moderately or extremely anxious or depressed. The prevalence of psychological state symptoms was higher among younger than older subjects. The best psychological state was found at ages 65–74 years (Figure 1).

Of the 34 645 subjects aged 18–84 years who answered all the questions included within the multiple multinomial logistic multivariate analysis , 10 697 (31 percent) reported that they were moderately anxious or depressed, whereas 672 (2 percent) reported that they were extremely anxious or depressed.

Factors that were strongly and independently related with anxiety/depression were poor social support, experiences of being belittled, employment status (receiving a disability pension and unemployment), economic hardship, critical life events, and functional disability (Table 1). There was no association between the amount of hours spent in domestic work and psychological state symptoms. Instead a robust independent association was found between how burdensome domestic work was experienced and anxiety/depression. This was true for both men and ladies .

Country of origin and family status were also related to psychological state symptoms (Table 1). Subjects born in other European countries and out of doors Europe were more often anxious or depressed than those born in Nordic countries. Persons living alone had a better prevalence of anxiety/depression than persons living with partner and youngsters . Single parents had a high odds ratio for being extremely anxious/depressed within the univariate analysis (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.4) but this association attenuated considerably when adjusting for socio-economic and lifestyle factors.

Participation in associations, neighborhood social cohesion and physical environment were only slightly related to psychological state symptoms when adjusted for the opposite factors included within the model. Educational level and age weren't independently related to psychological state symptoms.

Of lifestyle factors, physical inactivity, underweight and risk consumption of alcohol were independently related to anxiety/depression. Underweight was related to anxiety/depression especially among women and risk consumption of alcohol especially among men (not shown).

Conclusion



Our results support the notion that a ground permanently psychological state includes balance in social relations, in domestic work, employed also as in personal economy. This is in line with previous studies, but adds domestic work together of the key factors both among men and ladies . In addition, lifestyle factors like physical inactivity, underweight and risk consumption of alcohol seem to be related to psychological state symptoms independent of socio-economic factors. It would be valuable to require under consideration of these areas of life when planning activities to stop psychological state symptoms, highly prevalent within the general population, and when promoting mental health. Furthermore, a private are going to be ready to better handle psychosocial crisis situations or strain if she/he possesses a good array of protecting factors.
By :Mansi Banerjee

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